Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Bava Batra 119

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1

ולסתום לאלתר הוי חזקה שאין אדם עשוי שסותמים אורו בפניו ושותק:

For closing a window<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By building an obstruction in front of it. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>

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2

לקח בית בחצר אחרת לא יפתחנו לחצר השותפין: מאי טעמא מפני שמרבה עליהם את הדרך

a right is established immediately [if the action is unchallenged], because a man will not allow his light to be obstructed without protest.

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3

אימא סיפא אלא אם רצה בונה את החדר לפנים מביתו ובונה עלייה על גבי ביתו והלא מרבה עליו את הדרך אמר רב הונא מאי חדר שחלקו בשנים ומאי עלייה אפתאי:

IF A MAN TAKES A ROOM IN ANOTHER [ADJOINING] COURTYARD, HE SHOULD NOT MAKE AN ENTRANCE TO IT IN A COURTYARD WHICH HE SHARES WITH OTHERS. What is the reason? — Because he brings too many visitors [through the courtyard].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Presumably he builds the additional rooms for letting purposes. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>

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4

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> לא יפתח אדם לחצר השותפין פתח כנגד פתח וחלון כנגד חלון היה קטן לא יעשנו גדול אחד לא יעשנו שנים אבל פותח הוא לרה"ר פתח כנגד פתח וחלון כנגד חלון היה קטן עושה אותו גדול ואחד עושה אותו שנים:

Look then at the following clause: HE MAY IF HE PLEASES BUILD AN INNER CHAMBER IN HIS HOUSE AND THEN BUILD AN UPPER CHAMBER OVER HIS HOUSE AND MAKE THE ENTRANCE FROM THE HOUSE. Will not this also bring more people through the courtyard? — R. Huna said: When it says here [that he builds] a room, It means that he divides one of his rooms into two, and when it says [that he builds] an upper chamber, it means that he makes a balcony.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And though he thus obtains additional rooms for letting. he is perfectly within his rights. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>

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5

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> מנהני מילי א"ר יוחנן דאמר קרא (במדבר כד, ב) וישא בלעם את עיניו וירא את ישראל שוכן לשבטיו מה ראה ראה שאין פתחי אהליהם מכוונין זה לזה אמר ראוין הללו שתשרה עליהם שכינה:

<b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. IN A COURTYARD WHICH HE SHARES WITH OTHERS A MAN SHOULD NOT OPEN A DOOR FACING ANOTHER PERSON'S DOOR NOR A WINDOW FACING ANOTHER PERSON'S WINDOW. IF IT IS SMALL HE SHOULD NOT ENLARGE IT, AND HE SHOULD NOT TURN ONE INTO TWO. ON THE SIDE OF THE STREET, HOWEVER, HE MAY MAKE A DOOR FACING ANOTHER PERSON'S DOOR AND A WINDOW FACING ANOTHER PERSON'S WINDOW, AND IF IT IS SMALL HE MAY ENLARGE IT OR HE MAY MAKE TWO OUT OF ONE.

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6

היה קטן לא יעשנו גדול: סבר רמי בר חמא למימר בר ד' לא לישוייה בר תמניא דקא שקיל תמניא בחצר אבל בר תרתי לישוייה בר ארבעה שפיר דמי א"ל רבא מצי א"ל בפיתחא זוטרא מצינא לאצטנועי מינך בפיתחא רבה לא מצינא אצטנועי מינך:

<b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Whence are these rules derived? — R. Johanan said: From the verse of the Scripture, And Balaam lifted up his eyes and he saw Israel dwelling according to their tribes.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XXIV, 2. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>

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7

אחד לא יעשנו שנים: סבר רמי בר חמא למימר בר ארבעי לא לישוייה תרי בני תרתי תרתי דקא שקיל תמני בחצר אבל בר תמני לישוייה בני ארבעי ארבעי שפיר דמי א"ל רבא מצי אמר ליה בחד פיתחא מצינא אצטנועי מינך בתרי לא מצינא אצטנועי מינך:

This indicates that he saw that the doors of their tents did not exactly face one another, whereupon he exclaimed: Worthy are these that the Divine presence should rest upon them!

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8

אבל פותח הוא לרה"ר פתח כנגד פתח: דאמר ליה סוף סוף הא בעית אצטנועי מבני רה"ר:

IF IT IS SMALL HE SHOULD NOT ENLARGE IT. Rami b. Hama understood from this that if the door is of four cubits the owner should not make it eight because this would entitle him to eight cubits in the courtyard,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 55a. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>

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9

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> אין עושין חלל תחת רה"ר בורות שיחין ומערות ר"א מתיר כדי שתהא עגלה מהלכת וטעונה אבנים אין מוציאין זיזין וגזוזטראות לרה"ר אלא אם רצה כונס לתוך שלו ומוציא לקח חצר ובה זיזין וגזוזטראות הרי זו בחזקתה:

but if it is of two cubits he is quite in order in making it four.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because even a door of two cubits entitles him to four cubits in the courtyard. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>

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10

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> ורבנן זימנין דמפחית ולאו אדעתיה:

Said Raba to him: [This is not so, because] the other can say to him, I can preserve my privacy if you have a small doorway but not if you have a large one.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to Raba, the right to privacy overrides the right to yardspace. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>

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11

אין מוציאין זיזין וגזוזטראות וכו': ר' אמי הוה ליה זיזא דהוה נפיק למבואה וההוא גברא נמי הוה ליה זיזא דהוה מפיק לרה"ר (הוו קא מעכבי עליה בני רה"ר) אתא לקמיה דר' אמי א"ל זיל קוץ

HE SHOULD NOT TURN ONE DOOR INTO TWO. Rami b. Hama understood from this that if the door is four cubits wide, he should not turn it into two doors of two cubits each, because this would entitle him to eight cubits in the courtyard,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Four for each door. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>

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12

אמר ליה והא מר נמי אית ליה דידי למבואה מפיק בני מבואה מחלין גבאי דידך לרשות הרבים מפיק מאן מחיל גבך:

hut he would be quite in order in turning a door of eight cubits into two of four cubits each.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since he would still only have eight cubits yard space. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>

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13

ר' ינאי הוה ליה אילן הנוטה לרשות הרבים הוה ההוא גברא דהוה ליה נמי אילן הנוטה לרשות הרבים אתו בני רשות הרבים הוו קא מעכבי עילויה אתא לקמיה דר' ינאי א"ל

Said Raba to him: [This is not so, because] the other can say to him, I can preserve my privacy from you if you have one door, but if you have two doors I cannot.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because if one door is shut the other may still be open. ');"><sup>10</sup></span> ON THE SIDE OF THE STREET, HOWEVER, HE MAY MAKE A DOOR FACING ANOTHER PERSON'S DOOR. [The reason is] because he can say to him: In any case you have to preserve your privacy from the eyes of the passers-by<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who can look through the door and the windows. ');"><sup>11</sup></span> [and therefore you may as well do so from me also]. <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. A CAVITY MUST NOT BE MADE UNDER A PUBLIC PLACE, [TO WIT,] PITS, DITCHES AND CAVES. R. ELIEZER PERMITS THIS PROVIDED [THAT THE SURFACE IS STRONG ENOUGH TO BEAR THE PASSAGE OF A WAGON LOADED WITH STONES. SPARS OR BEAMS MUST NOT BE ALLOWED TO PROJECT [FROM THE WALL OF A HOUSE] OVER THE PUBLIC WAY. THE OWNER MAY, HOWEVER, IF HE DESIRES DRAW BACK HIS WALL FROM THE STREET AND THEN ALLOW THEM TO PROJECT. IF A MAN BUYS A COURTYARD IN WHICH ARE SPARS AND BEAMS [PROJECTING], HE HAS A PRESCRIPTIVE RIGHT TO KEEP THEM THERE. <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. [R. ELIEZER SAYS etc.] Why do the Rabbis forbid this? — Because the surface may wear thin without being noticed.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra 27b. ');"><sup>12</sup></span> SPARS AND BEAMS MUST NOT BE ALLOWED TO PROJECT etc. R. Ammi had a spar projecting over an alley-way,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is private property. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> and another man had a spar projecting over a public way. [Some passers-by objected]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These words occur in our texts, but in brackets. ');"><sup>14</sup></span> and he was summoned before R. Ammi. He said to him, Go and cut it down. But, said the man, you, Sir, also have a projecting spar? Mine, he replied, projects over an alley-way the residents of which have given me their consent. Yours projects over a street; who is there to surrender the [public's] rights? R. Jannai had a tree which overhung the public way, and another man also had a tree overhanging the street. Some passers-by objected and he was summoned before R. Jannai. He said to him:

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